Thursday, January 15, 2015

The key to the Cosmic truth: Mundaka Upanishad (contd.)


How big is this universe that we are in? Here is what the Cosmologists tell us. Our Sun and the Solar system are only a tiny spec within the galaxy called Milky Way which in turn has about 200 Billion stars, many of which are larger than our Sun. Now, the Milky Way itself is just one of the 100 billion of such galaxies that are spread across the universe, each containing billions of stars. The mass of all the material within these trillions of stars still forms only 4% of the total mass of the universe! The rest 96% is accounted for by what is called as the 'dark energy' that permeates the entire universe. There is more empty space filled with 'dark energy' than physical matter in the universe.

In terms of distances, the boundaries of our knowable universe are about 13.8 billion light years away (A light year is the distance traveled by light in one year. Light travels about 186,000 miles in one second and there are 31,556,926 seconds in a year. You can do the math now! For a quick comparison, the distance between Earth and Sun is about 8 light seconds)  Whether there is anything existing outside of these boundaries is beyond our knowledge since we get limited by the speed of light to know. (Now that you know this,  you may appreciate better why there are some  genuine skeptics among the scientific community when it comes to accepting concepts of a human-like God as the creator of the universe)

However big this universe might be, there is still one thing that would still surpass it, and that is the human spirit and its quest for knowledge. And, the question topmost in the mind of such a human is:

'kasminnu bhagavo vijnaate
sarvamidam vijnaadam bhavati' (Mundaka Upanishad, Canto 1, Chapter 1, Sloka 3)
'O venerable one, what is that one thing having known which all this becomes known?'

The question is not if there is one single secret that unravels all the principles and phenomena of this vast universe. It is rather about what is that one thing not knowing which, all the other knowledge that can be gained are vain.

And the poetical answer we find in the Mundaka Upanishad is :

'agni murdhaa chakshushi chandra suryo
disa srotrai vak vivritaascha vedah
vaayu praana hridayam viswamsya
padbhyaam prithvi
hyesha sarva bhuthaantharaatmah' (Munkadaka Upanishad, Canto 2, Chapter 1, Sloka 4)

'The heavens(fire) are its head, the sun and the moon its eyes, the many directions are its ears, the vedas are its speech, the air is its breath,  the universe is its heart, the earth  its feet. Such is the (cosmic) nature of that self that is within every single being"

The Rishi's of yonder probably had no idea of how vast this universe is. But surely they knew one thing for certain: the cosmic secret of the universe is not far out there but right here, within our own selves!

If the 'secret to everything' lies within our own self, then what should we be doing to get to it? What is the course of action?

'dhanur grihitya oupanishadam mahaastram
saram hi upaasanisatam samdayita
aayamya thad bhaavagatena chetasaa
lakshyam thadavaaksharam somya viddhi' (Munkadaka Upanishad, Canto 2, Chapter 2, Sloka 3)
'O Good looking one, take that bow, the mighty weapon born of Upanishads. Place that arrow sharpened by upaasana and draw hard that string with a mind that is completely absorbed in That imperishable and break that target'

'pranavo dhanuh sarohyaatmaa
brahma tallakhyamuchyate
apramatthena vedhavyam
saravat tanmayo bhavet'  (Munkadaka Upanishad, Canto 2, Chapter 2, Sloka 4)
'The pranava (Om) is the bow, the mind is the arrow and Brahman is the target. Penetrate that target with a mind that is disillusioned and let it become one with the target as the arrow (that is embedded in the target)'

The role of scriptural knowledge is clearly stated as the role of a bow in discharging the arrow. The scriptural knowledge is the means and not the end. And, what matters is not  the holiness of the scriptures and reverence to it but use of its ability to launch an individual to get to the target. The sanskrit word 'veddh' is very deftly used here with the dual meaning of gaining knowledge (which is the metaphorical intent) as well as breaking target (which is contextual to the metaphorical image being painted). Again, another point about the seeker, though mentioned later, is also being reinforced here. 'naayam aatma balaheenena labhyah' , 'this Atman is not obtained by one who is weak'. One should be strong enough, physically and mentally, to wield the bow of knowledge and bend it sufficiently by pulling on the string.

And, what awaits the one who reaches the target:
'bhidyate hridaya granthi
chidyante sarva samsayaah
ksheeyantechaasya karmaani
yasmin dhrishte paraavare' ((Munkadaka Upanishad, Canto 2, Chapter 2, Sloka 8)
"The knots of the heart are cut, all doubts are eliminated and the binding of the karma are weakened for the one who has seen That which is above and below"

The vision of the one who has realized the true nature of the self is comprehensive and spans  both worldly matters and spiritual matters. And, true internal freedom dawns on this one who has gained the vision of 'That'.

'hiranmaye pare koshe
virajam brhma nishkalam
thad subhram jyotishaam jyotih
thad yadaatmavido vidhuh' (Munkadaka Upanishad, Canto 2, Chapter 2, Sloka 9)
"In the golden hued sheath rests the Brahman who is untainted, pure, brighter than the brightest. It is That the knower of self comes to know"

Is this known by the mind and intellect? The Upanishad again emphatically reiterates that this is not known by the mind and intellect but only by becoming one with It.

"na tatra suryo bhaati na chandra taarakam
nemaa vidyutho bhaati kuthoyamagnih
tameva bhaantham anubhaati sarvam
tasya bhaasaath sarvamidam vibhaati" (Munkadaka Upanishad, Canto 2, Chapter 2, Sloka 10)
"Neither the Sun, nor the Moon or the Stars are effulgent in its presence. Even the lightning does not shine in its presence, what to say of the (earthly) fire. In its illumination, everything is revealed and all effulgent are only reflecting its effulgence"

The universe may be unimaginably huge but everything in  it are still a subject of knowledge of the mind , senses and intellect. That by the presence of which we are able to know is not an object of examination for mind and intellect. Hence, to realize the true nature of self, one has to take the entire 'being' to it and become one with it.

'Thad eva satyam' . "That alone is the Truth" (Mundaka Upanishad)
'Thad eva brahma tvam viddhi netam yaditam upaasate' . "That Brahman alone you must realize, not the (worldly) other things that are pursued'  (Kena Upanishad)


We will see more of this magnificent Upanishad in the next, concluding blog post on the topic

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